United Kingdom

§1. United Kingdom Introduction

Background:
  Great Britain, the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th
  century, played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in
  advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the British Empire
  stretched over one- fourth of the earth's surface. The first half of the
  20th century saw the UK's strength seriously depleted in two World Wars.
  The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK
  rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of
  five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member of
  NATO, and of the Commonwealth, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign
  policy; it currently is weighing the degree of its integration with
  continental Europe. A member of the EU, it chose to remain outside the
  Economic and Monetary Union for the time being. Constitutional reform is
  also a significant issue in the UK. The Scottish Parliament, the National
  Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in
  1999, but the latter is suspended due to wrangling over the peace process.

§2. United Kingdom Geography

Location:
  Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of the island of
  Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of
  France

Geographic coordinates:
  54 00 N, 2 00 W

Map references:
  Europe

Area:
  total: 244,820 km²
  land: 241,590 km²
  water: 3,230 km²
  note: includes Rockall and Shetland Islands

Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than Oregon

Land boundaries:
  total: 360 km
  border countries: Ireland 360 km

Coastline:
  12,429 km

Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
  continental shelf: as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance
    with agreed upon boundaries

Climate:
  temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic
  Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast

Terrain:
  mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and
  southeast

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: The Fens -4 m
  highest point: Ben Nevis 1,343 m

Natural resources:
  coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold, tin, limestone,
  salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, potash, silica sand, slate, arable land

Land use:
  arable land: 23.23%
  permanent crops: 0.2%
  other: 76.57% (2005)

Irrigated land:
  1,080 km² (1998 est.)

Natural hazards:
  winter windstorms; floods

Environment - current issues:
  continues to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (has met Kyoto Protocol target
  of a 12.5% reduction from 1990 levels and intends to meet the legally
  binding target and move toward a domestic goal of a 20% cut in emissions by
  2010); by 2005 the government aims to reduce the amount of industrial and
  commercial waste disposed of in landfill sites to 85% of 1998 levels and to
  recycle or compost at least 25% of household waste, increasing to 33% by
  2015; between 1998-99 and 1999-2000, household recycling increased from
  8.8% to 10.3%

Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
    Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,
    Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources,
    Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
    Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental
    Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine
    Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical
    Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
  signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Geography - note:
  lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from France and linked
  by tunnel under the English Channel; because of heavily indented coastline,
  no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters

§3. United Kingdom People

Population:
  60,609,153 (July 2006 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 17.5% (male 5,417,663/female 5,161,714)
  15-64 years: 66.8% (male 20,476,571/female 19,988,959)
  65 years and over: 15.8% (male 4,087,020/female 5,477,226) (2006 est.)

Median age:
  total: 39.3 years
  male: 38.2 years
  female: 40.4 years (2006 est.)

Population growth rate:
  0.28% (2006 est.)

Birth rate:
  10.71 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Death rate:
  10.13 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Net migration rate:
  2.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  total: 5.08 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 5.67 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 4.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 78.54 years
  male: 76.09 years
  female: 81.13 years (2006 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  1.66 children born/woman (2006 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  0.2% (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  51,000 (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  less than 500 (2003 est.)

Nationality:
  noun: Briton(s), British (collective plural)
  adjective: British

Ethnic groups:
  white (of which English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%, Northern Irish
  2.9%) 92.1%, black 2%, Indian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6%
  (2001 census)

Religions:
  Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 71.6%, Muslim
  2.7%, Hindu 1%, other 1.6%, unspecified or none 23.1% (2001 census)

Languages:
  English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of
  Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)

Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling
  total population: 99%
  male: 99%
  female: 99% (2003 est.)

§4. United Kingdom Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
    Ireland; note - Great Britain includes England, Scotland, and Wales
  conventional short form: United Kingdom
  abbreviation: UK

Government type:
  constitutional monarchy

Capital:
  London

Administrative divisions:
  England - 47 boroughs, 36 counties, 29 London boroughs, 12 cities and
  boroughs, 10 districts, 12 cities, 3 royal boroughs
  : boroughs: Barnsley, Blackburn with Darwen, Blackpool, Bolton,
    Bournemouth, Bracknell Forest, Brighton and Hove, Bury, Calderdale,
    Darlington, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Halton, Hartlepool, Kirklees,
    Knowsley, Luton, Medway, Middlesbrough, Milton Keynes, North Tyneside,
    Oldham, Poole, Reading, Redcar and Cleveland, Rochdale, Rotherham,
    Sandwell, Sefton, Slough, Solihull, Southend-on-Sea, South Tyneside, St.
    Helens, Stockport, Stockton-on-Tees, Swindon, Tameside, Thurrock, Torbay,
    Trafford, Walsall, Warrington, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton
  : counties: Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire,
    Cornwall, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, Durham, East Sussex, Essex,
    Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Isle of Wight,
    Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, North Yorkshire,
    Northamptonshire, Northumberland, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire,
    Shropshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West
    Sussex, Wiltshire, Worcestershire
  : London boroughs: Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley,
    Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and
    Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington,
    Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames,
    Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth
  : cities and boroughs: Birmingham, Bradford, Coventry, Leeds, Liverpool,
    Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, Salford, Sheffield, Sunderland,
    Wakefield, Westminster
  : districts: Bath and North East Somerset, East Riding of Yorkshire, North
    East Lincolnshire, North Lincolnshire, North Somerset, Rutland, South
    Gloucestershire, Telford and Wrekin, West Berkshire, Wokingham
  : cities: City of Bristol, Derby, City of Kingston upon Hull, Leicester,
    City of London, Nottingham, Peterborough, Plymouth, Portsmouth,
    Southampton, Stoke-on-Trent, York
  : royal boroughs: Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Windsor and
    Maidenhead
  : Northern Ireland - 24 districts, 2 cities, 6 counties
  : districts: Antrim, Ards, Armagh, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Banbridge,
    Carrickfergus, Castlereagh, Coleraine, Cookstown, Craigavon, Down,
    Dungannon, Fermanagh, Larne, Limavady, Lisburn, Magherafelt, Moyle, Newry
    and Mourne, Newtownabbey, North Down, Omagh, Strabane
  : cities: Belfast, Londonderry (Derry)
  : counties: County Antrim, County Armagh, County Down, County Fermanagh,
    County Londonderry, County Tyrone
  : Scotland - 32 council areas: Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll
    and Bute, Clackmannanshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Dundee City, East
    Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Lothian, East Renfrewshire, City of
    Edinburgh, Eilean Siar (Western Isles), Falkirk, Fife, Glasgow City,
    Highland, Inverclyde, Midlothian, Moray, North Ayrshire, North
    Lanarkshire, Orkney Islands, Perth and Kinross, Renfrewshire, Shetland
    Islands, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, Stirling, The Scottish
    Borders, West Dunbartonshire, West Lothian;
  : Wales - 11 county boroughs, 9 counties, 2 cities and counties
  : county boroughs: Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Conwy, Gwynedd,
    Merthyr Tydfil, Neath Port Talbot, Newport, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Torfaen,
    Wrexham
  : counties: Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Isle of
    Anglesey, Monmouthshire, Pembrokeshire, Powys, The Vale of Glamorgan
  : cities and counties: Cardiff, Swansea

Dependent areas:
  Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands,
  Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands,
  Saint Helena and Ascension, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands,
  Turks and Caicos Islands

Independence:
  England has existed as a unified entity since the 10th century; the union
  between England and Wales, begun in 1284 with the Statute of Rhuddlan, was
  not formalized until 1536 with an Act of Union; in another Act of Union in
  1707, England and Scotland agreed to permanently join as Great Britain; the
  legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland was implemented in 1801,
  with the adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
  Ireland; the Anglo- Irish treaty of 1921 formalized a partition of Ireland;
  six northern Irish counties remained part of the United Kingdom as Northern
  Ireland and the current name of the country, the United Kingdom of Great
  Britain and Northern Ireland, was adopted in 1927

National holiday:
  the UK does not celebrate one particular national holiday

Constitution:
  unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

Legal system:
  common law tradition with early Roman and modern continental influences;
  has nonbinding judicial review of Acts of Parliament under the Human Rights
  Act of 1998; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent
    Prince CHARLES (son of the queen, born 14 November 1948)
  head of government: Prime Minister Anthony (Tony) BLAIR (since 2 May 1997)
  cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
  elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative
    elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority
    coalition is usually the prime minister

Legislative branch:
  bicameral Parliament comprised of House of Lords (consists of approximately
  500 life peers, 92 hereditary peers and 26 clergy) and House of Commons
  (646 seats since 2005 elections; members are elected by popular vote to
  serve five-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier)
  elections: House of Lords - no elections (note - in 1999, as provided by
    the House of Lords Act, elections were held in the House of Lords to
    determine the 92 hereditary peers who would remain there; pending further
    reforms, elections are held only as vacancies in the hereditary peerage
    arise); House of Commons - last held 5 May 2005 (next to be held by May
    2010)
  election results: House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Labor
    35.2%, Conservative 32.3%, Liberal Democrats 22%, other 10.5%; seats by
    party - Labor 356, Conservative 197, Liberal Democrat 62, other 31; note
    - as of 30 September 2005 the seats by party - Labor 354, Conservative
    196, Liberal Democrat 62, other 34
  note: in 1998 elections were held for a Northern Ireland Assembly (because
    of unresolved disputes among existing parties, the transfer of power from
    London to Northern Ireland came only at the end of 1999 and has been
    suspended four times the latest occurring in October 2002); in 1999 there
    were elections for a new Scottish Parliament and a new Welsh Assembly

Judicial branch:
  House of Lords (highest court of appeal; several Lords of Appeal in
  Ordinary are appointed by the monarch for life); Supreme Courts of England,
  Wales, and Northern Ireland (comprising the Courts of Appeal, the High
  Courts of Justice, and the Crown Courts); Scotland's Court of Session and
  Court of the Justiciary

Political parties and leaders:
  Conservative and Unionist Party [David CAMERON]; Democratic Unionist Party
  (Northern Ireland) [Rev. Ian PAISLEY]; Labor Party [Anthony (Tony) BLAIR];
  Liberal Democrats [Charles KENNEDY]; Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Dafydd
  IWAN]; Scottish National Party or SNP [Alex SALMOND]; Sinn Fein (Northern
  Ireland) [Gerry ADAMS]; Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern
  Ireland) [Mark DURKAN]; Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [Sir Reg
  EMPEY]

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament; Confederation of British Industry;
  National Farmers' Union; Trades Union Congress

International organization participation:
  AfDB, Arctic Council (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C, CBSS
  (observer), CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 5, G- 7, G- 8,
  G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC,
  IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC,
  NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club,
  PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UN Security Council, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
  UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMOVIC, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WEU,
  WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador David G. MANNING
  chancery: 3100 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
  telephone: [1] (202) 588-6500
  FAX: [1] (202) 588-7870
  consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New
    York, Orlando, San Francisco
  consulate(s): Dallas, Denver, Miami, Seattle

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Robert Holmes TUTTLE
  embassy: 24/31 Grosvenor Square, London, W1A 1AE
  mailing address: PSC 801, Box 40, FPO AE 09498-4040
  telephone: [44] (0) 20 7499-9000
  FAX: [44] (0) 20 7629-9124
  consulate(s) general: Belfast, Edinburgh

Flag description:
  blue field with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England)
  edged in white superimposed on the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick
  (patron saint of Ireland), which is superimposed on the diagonal white
  cross of Saint Andrew (patron saint of Scotland); properly known as the
  Union Flag, but commonly called the Union Jack; the design and colors
  (especially the Blue Ensign) have been the basis for a number of other
  flags including other Commonwealth countries and their constituent states
  or provinces, and British overseas territories

§5. United Kingdom Economy

Economy - overview:
  The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, is one of the quintet
  of trillion dollar economies of Western Europe. Over the past two decades,
  the government has greatly reduced public ownership and contained the
  growth of social welfare programs. Agriculture is intensive, highly
  mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of
  food needs with less than 2% of the labor force. The UK has large coal,
  natural gas, and oil reserves; primary energy production accounts for 10%
  of GDP, one of the highest shares of any industrial nation. Services,
  particularly banking, insurance, and business services, account by far for
  the largest proportion of GDP while industry continues to decline in
  importance. GDP growth slipped in 2001-03 as the global downturn, the high
  value of the pound, and the bursting of the "new economy" bubble hurt
  manufacturing and exports. Output recovered in 2004, to 3.2% growth, but
  fell in 2005, to 1.7%. Despite slower growth, the economy is one of the
  strongest in Europe; inflation, interest rates, and unemployment remain
  low. The relatively good economic performance has complicated the BLAIR
  government's efforts to make a case for Britain to join the European
  Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Critics point out that the economy is
  doing well outside of EMU, and public opinion polls show a majority of
  Britons are opposed to the euro. Meantime, the government has been speeding
  up the improvement of education, transport, and health services, at a cost
  in higher taxes and a widening public deficit.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $1.869 trillion (2005 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):
  $2.218 trillion (2005 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
  1.7% (2005 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $30,900 (2005 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: 1.1%
  industry: 26%
  services: 72.9% (2005 est.)

Labor force:
  30.07 million (2005 est.)

Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture 1.5%, industry 19.1%, services 79.5% (2004)

Unemployment rate:
  4.7% (2005 est.)

Population below poverty line:
  17% (2002 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 2.1%
  highest 10%: 28.5% (1999)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  36.8 (1999)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  2.2% (2005 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):
  16.3% of GDP (2005 est.)

Budget:
  revenues: $881.4 billion
  expenditures: $951 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2005
    est.)

Public debt:
  42.2% of GDP (2005 est.)

Agriculture - products:
  cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, poultry; fish

Industries:
  machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad
  equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics
  and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and
  paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods

Industrial production growth rate:
  -0.9% (2005 est.)

Electricity - production:
  369.9 billion kWh (2003)

Electricity - consumption:
  346.1 billion kWh (2003)

Electricity - exports:
  3 billion kWh (2003)

Electricity - imports:
  5.1 billion kWh (2003)

Oil - production:
  2.393 million bbl/day (2003 est.)

Oil - consumption:
  1.722 million bbl/day (2003 est.)

Oil - exports:
  1.498 million bbl/day (2001)

Oil - imports:
  1.084 million bbl/day (2003)

Oil - proved reserves:
  4.5 billion bbl (31 December 2004)

Natural gas - production:
  102.8 billion m³ (2003 est.)

Natural gas - consumption:
  95.15 billion m³ (2003 est.)

Natural gas - exports:
  15.75 billion m³ (2001 est.)

Natural gas - imports:
  2.7 billion m³ (2001 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves:
  628.6 billion m³ (31 December 2004)

Current account balance:
  $-38.4 billion (2005 est.)

Exports:
  $372.7 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Exports - commodities:
  manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals; food, beverages, tobacco

Exports - partners:
  US 15.3%, Germany 10.8%, France 9.2%, Ireland 6.8%, Netherlands 6%, Belgium
  5.1%, Spain 4.5%, Italy 4.2% (2004)

Imports:
  $483.7 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Imports - commodities:
  manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs

Imports - partners:
  Germany 13%, US 9.3%, France 7.4%, Netherlands 6.6%, Belgium 4.9%, China
  4.3%, Italy 4.3% (2004)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $48.73 billion (2004)

Debt - external:
  $7.107 trillion (30 June 2005)

Economic aid - donor:
  ODA, $7.9 billion (2004)

Currency (code):
  British pound (GBP)

Exchange rates:
  British pounds per US dollar - 0.55 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003),
  0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001)

Fiscal year:
  6 April - 5 April

§6. United Kingdom Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  32.943 million (2005)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  61.091 million (2004)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: technologically advanced domestic and international
    system
  domestic: equal mix of buried cables, microwave radio relay, and
    fiber-optic systems
  international: country code - 44; 40 coaxial submarine cables; satellite
    earth stations - 10 Intelsat (7 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean), 1
    Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Eutelsat; at least 8 large
    international switching centers

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 219, FM 431, shortwave 3 (1998)

Television broadcast stations:
  228 (plus 3,523 repeaters) (1995)

Internet country code:
  .uk

Internet hosts:
  4,688,307 (2005)

Internet users:
  37.8 million (2005)

§7. United Kingdom Transportation

Airports:
  471 (2005)

Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 334
  over 3,047 m: 8
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 33
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 149
  914 to 1,523 m: 85
  under 914 m: 59 (2005)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 137
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
  914 to 1,523 m: 23
  under 914 m: 112 (2005)

Heliports:
  11 (2005)

Pipelines:
  condensate 370 km; gas 21,446 km; liquid petroleum gas 59 km; oil 6,420 km;
  oil/gas/water 63 km; refined products 4,474 km (2004)

Railways:
  total: 17,274 km
  standard gauge: 16,814 km 1.435-m gauge (5,296 km electrified)
  broad gauge: 460 km 1.600-m gauge (in Northern Ireland) (2004)

Roadways:
  total: 387,674 km
  paved: 387,674 km (including 3,523 km of expressways) (2004)

Waterways:
  3,200 km (620 km used for commerce) (2003)

Merchant marine:
  total: 444 ships (1000 GRT or over) 10,775,537 GRT/11,464,492 DWT
  by type: bulk carrier 20, cargo 64, chemical tanker 45, container 143,
    liquefied gas 14, passenger 9, passenger/cargo 66, petroleum tanker 31,
    refrigerated cargo 20, roll on/roll off 26, vehicle carrier 6
  foreign-owned: 208 (Australia 4, Canada 12, Denmark 41, Finland 2, France
    3, Germany 63, Greece 7, Ireland 1, Italy 5, Netherlands 2, NZ 1, Norway
    40, South Africa 4, Sweden 15, Taiwan 1, Turkey 1, US 6)
  registered in other countries: 365 (Antigua and Barbuda 5, Argentina 4,
    Australia 2, The Bahamas 68, Barbados 7, Belgium 1, Bermuda 8, Brazil 1,
    Brunei 8, Canada 1, Cape Verde 1, Cayman Islands 9, China 1, Cyprus 8,
    Faroe Islands 1, French Southern and Antarctic Lands 1, Georgia 5,
    Gibraltar 4, Greece 8, Hong Kong 35, India 1, Indonesia 2, Ireland 1,
    Italy 6, South Korea 2, Liberia 49, Malta 6, Marshall Islands 20, Morocco
    1, Netherlands 21, Netherlands Antilles 2, Norway 4, Panama 36, Papua New
    Guinea 6, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 16, Singapore 10, Slovakia 1,
    Tonga 1, US 2) (2005)

Ports and terminals:
  Hound Point, Immingham, Milford Haven, Liverpool, London, Southampton,
  Sullom Voe, Teesport

§8. United Kingdom Military

Military branches:
  Army, Royal Navy (includes Royal Marines), Royal Air Force

Military service age and obligation:
  16 years of age for voluntary military service; women serve in military
  services, but are excluded from ground combat positions and some naval
  postings (January 2004)

Manpower available for military service:
  males age 16-49: 14,607,724 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 12,046,268 (2005 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
  $42,836.5 million (2003)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
  2.4% (2003)

§9. United Kingdom Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject
  any "shared sovereignty" arrangement between the UK and Spain; the
  Government of Gibraltar insists on equal participation in talks between the
  two countries; Spain disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater
  autonomy; Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago (British
  Indian Ocean Territory), and its former inhabitants since their eviction in
  1965; most Chagossians reside in Mauritius, and in 2001 were granted UK
  citizenship but no right to patriation in the UK; UK rejects sovereignty
  talks requested by Argentina, which still claims the Falkland Islands
  (Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands;
  territorial claim in Antarctica (British Antarctic Territory) overlaps
  Argentine claim and partially overlaps Chilean claim; Iceland, the UK, and
  Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf
  extends beyond 200 nm

Illicit drugs:
  producer of limited amounts of synthetic drugs and synthetic precursor
  chemicals; major consumer of Southwest Asian heroin, Latin American
  cocaine, and synthetic drugs; money-laundering center


<Factbook 2006>
