Monaco

§1. Monaco Introduction

Background:
  Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad
  linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the
  principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have
  made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.

§2. Monaco Geography

Location:
  Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of
  France, near the border with Italy

Geographic coordinates:
  43 44 N, 7 24 E

Map references:
  Europe

Area:
  total: 1.95 kmē
  land: 1.95 kmē
  water: 0 kmē

Area - comparative:
  about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Land boundaries:
  total: 4.4 km
  border countries: France 4.4 km

Coastline:
  4.1 km

Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm

Climate:
  Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers

Terrain:
  hilly, rugged, rocky

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
  highest point: Mont Agel 140 m

Natural resources:
  none

Land use:
  arable land: 0%
  permanent crops: 0%
  other: 100% (urban area) (2005)

Irrigated land:
  NA kmē

Natural hazards:
  NA

Environment - current issues:
  NA

Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,
    Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species,
    Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection,
    Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
  signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Geography - note:
  second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost
  entirely urban

§3. Monaco People

Population:
  32,543 (July 2006 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 15.2% (male 2,539/female 2,417)
  15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,959/female 10,266)
  65 years and over: 22.6% (male 3,015/female 4,347) (2006 est.)

Median age:
  total: 45.4 years
  male: 43.3 years
  female: 47.3 years (2006 est.)

Population growth rate:
  0.4% (2006 est.)

Birth rate:
  9.19 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Death rate:
  12.91 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Net migration rate:
  7.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  total: 5.35 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 6.19 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 4.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 79.69 years
  male: 75.85 years
  female: 83.74 years (2006 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  1.76 children born/woman (2006 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA

Nationality:
  noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
  adjective: Monegasque or Monacan

Ethnic groups:
  French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%

Religions:
  Roman Catholic 90%

Languages:
  French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque

Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 99%
  male: 99%
  female: 99% (2003 est.)

§4. Monaco Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
  conventional short form: Monaco
  local long form: Principaute de Monaco
  local short form: Monaco

Government type:
  constitutional monarchy

Capital:
  Monaco

Administrative divisions:
  none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the
  US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular -
  quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo

Independence:
  1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)

National holiday:
  National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November

Constitution:
  17 December 1962

Legal system:
  based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage:
  21 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)
  head of government: Minister of State Jean-Paul PROUST (since 1 June 2005)
  cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch
  elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by
    the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by
    the French Government

Legislative branch:
  unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members
  elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve
  five-year terms)
  elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held February 2008)
  election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UNAM 21,
    UND 3

Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the
  basis of nominations by the National Council)

Political parties and leaders:
  National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA]; Union for Monaco
  or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM) [leader
  NA]

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  NA

International organization participation:
  ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO,
  Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,
  UNITAR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  Monaco does not have an embassy in the US
  consulate(s) general: New York

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in
  Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco

Flag description:
  two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of
  Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and
  red

§5. Monaco Economy

Economy - overview:
  Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort,
  attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major
  construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main
  harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services
  and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no
  income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for
  individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that
  have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a
  number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal
  service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in
  prosperous French metropolitan areas.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $870 million
  note: Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates are
    extremely rough (2000 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):
  NA

GDP - real growth rate:
  0.9% (2000 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $27,000 (2000 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: 17%
  industry: NA%
  services: NA%

Labor force:
  30,540 (January 1994)

Unemployment rate:
  22% (1999)

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA%
  highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  1.9% (2000)

Budget:
  revenues: $518 million
  expenditures: $531 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (1995)

Agriculture - products:
  none

Industries:
  tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products

Industrial production growth rate:
  NA%

Electricity - consumption:
  NA kWh

Electricity - imports:
  NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France

Exports:
  $NA
  note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates
    Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through
    customs union with France

Imports:
  $NA
  note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates
    Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through
    customs union with France

Debt - external:
  $18 billion (2000 est.)

Economic aid - recipient:
  $NA

Currency (code):
  euro (EUR)

Exchange rates:
  euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626
  (2002), 1.1175 (2001)

Fiscal year:
  calendar year

§6. Monaco Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  33,700 (2002)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  19,300 (2002)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: modern automatic telephone system
  domestic: NA
  international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected
    by cable into the French communications system

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)

Television broadcast stations:
  5 (1998)

Internet country code:
  .mc

Internet hosts:
  716 (2005)

Internet users:
  16,000 (2002)

§7. Monaco Transportation

Airports:
  none; note - linked to the airport at Nice, France by helicopter service
  (2005)

Heliports:
  1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and
  Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) (2005)

Roadways:
  total: 50 km
  paved: 50 km (1999)

Merchant marine:
  registered in other countries: 81 (The Bahamas 17, Barbados 1, Georgia 12,
    Hong Kong 1, Isle of Man 1, Italy 6, Liberia 11, Malta 4, Marshall
    Islands 8, Norway 3, Panama 9, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and
    the Grenadines 3, Switzerland 2, Turkey 1, unknown 1) (2005)

Ports and terminals:
  Monaco

§8. Monaco Military

Military - note:
  defense is the responsibility of France; the Palace Guard performs
  ceremonial duties (2003)

§9. Monaco Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  none


<Factbook 2006>
