New Caledonia

§1. New Caledonia Introduction

Background:
  Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th
  century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a
  penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during
  the 1980s and early 1990s ended in the 1998 Noumea Accord, which over a
  period of 15 to 20 years will transfer an increasing amount of governing
  responsibility from France to New Caledonia. The agreement also commits
  France to conduct as many as three referenda between 2013 and 2018, to
  decide whether New Caledonia should assume full sovereignty and
  independence.

§2. New Caledonia Geography

Location:
  Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia

Geographic coordinates:
  21 30 S, 165 30 E

Map references:
  Oceania

Area:
  total: 19,060 km²
  land: 18,575 km²
  water: 485 km²

Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than New Jersey

Land boundaries:
  0 km

Coastline:
  2,254 km

Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate:
  tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid

Terrain:
  coastal plains with interior mountains

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
  highest point: Mont Panie 1,628 m

Natural resources:
  nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper

Land use:
  arable land: 0.32%
  permanent crops: 0.22%
  other: 99.46% (2005)

Irrigated land:
  160 km² (1991)

Natural hazards:
  cyclones, most frequent from November to March

Environment - current issues:
  erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires

Geography - note:
  consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the
  Pacific Ocean), the archipelago of Iles Loyaute, and numerous small,
  sparsely populated islands and atolls

§3. New Caledonia People

Population:
  219,246 (July 2006 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 28.4% (male 31,818/female 30,503)
  15-64 years: 64.9% (male 71,565/female 70,815)
  65 years and over: 6.6% (male 6,773/female 7,772) (2006 est.)

Median age:
  total: 27.8 years
  male: 27.4 years
  female: 28.2 years (2006 est.)

Population growth rate:
  1.24% (2006 est.)

Birth rate:
  18.11 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Death rate:
  5.69 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Net migration rate:
  0 migrant(s)/1,000 population
  note: there has been steady emigration from Wallis and Futuna to New
    Caledonia (2006 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female
  total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  total: 7.57 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 8.27 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 6.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 74.27 years
  male: 71.29 years
  female: 77.39 years (2006 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  2.28 children born/woman (2006 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA

Nationality:
  noun: New Caledonian(s)
  adjective: New Caledonian

Ethnic groups:
  Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%,
  Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3%

Religions:
  Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%

Languages:
  French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects

Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 91%
  male: 92%
  female: 90% (1976 est.)

§4. New Caledonia Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies
  conventional short form: New Caledonia
  local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances
  local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie

Dependency status:
  overseas territory of France since 1956

Government type:
  NA

Capital:
  Noumea

Administrative divisions:
  none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order
  administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3
  provinces named Iles Loyaute, Nord, and Sud

Independence:
  none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence
  was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014

National holiday:
  Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)

Constitution:
  4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Legal system:
  the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands;
  formerly under French law

Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: President of France Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995),
    represented by High Commissioner Michel MATHIEU (since 15 July 2005)
  head of government: President of the Government Marie-Noelle THEMEREAU
    (since 10 June 2004)
  cabinet: Consultative Committee consists of eight members chosen from
    leading figures on the island to advise the High Commissioner
  elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
    high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the
    French Ministry of Interior; president of the government elected by the
    members of the Territorial Congress; note - last election held 29 June
    2004 when Marie-Noelle THEMEREAU was elected on the third vote with 8
    votes for and 3 abstentions

Legislative branch:
  unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres Territorial (54 seats; members
  belong to the three Provincial Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales
  elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
  elections: last held 9 May 2004 (next to be held NA 2009)
  election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPCR-UMP
    16, AE 16, UNI-FLNKS 8, UC 7, FN 4, others 3
  note: New Caledonia currently holds 1 seat in the French Senate; between
    2004 and 2010 New Caledonia will gain a second seat in the French Senate;
    elections last held 24 September 2001 (next to be held not later than
    September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party
    - UMP 1; New Caledonia also elects 2 seats to the French National
    Assembly; elections last held 9 and 16 June 2002 (next to be held by June
    2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2

Judicial branch:
  Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal
  Court; Children's Court

Political parties and leaders:
  Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX]; Caledonian Union or UC
  [leader NA]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or
  FCCI [Francois BURCK]; Front National or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Front Uni de
  Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Kanak Socialist Front for National
  Liberation or FLNKS [leader NA] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); Parti
  de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE and Elie POIGOUNE]; Rally
  for Caledonia in the Republic (anti independent) or RPCR-UMP [Jacques
  LAFLEUR]; The Future Together or AE [Harold MARTIN]; Union Nationale pour
  l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; note - may no longer exist, but
  Paul NEAOUTYINE has since become a president of Parti de Liberation Kanak
  or PALIKA; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Victor TUTUGORO]

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  NA

International organization participation:
  ICFTU, PIF (observer), SPC, UPU, WFTU, WMO

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  none (overseas territory of France)

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  none (overseas territory of France)

Flag description:
  the flag of France is used

§5. New Caledonia Economy

Economy - overview:
  New Caledonia has about 25% of the world's known nickel resources. Only a
  small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for
  about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, substantial financial support
  from France - equal to more than one-fourth of GDP - and tourism are keys
  to the health of the economy. Substantial new investment in the nickel
  industry, combined with the recovery of global nickel prices, brightens the
  economic outlook for the next several years.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $3.158 billion (2003 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):
  NA

GDP - real growth rate:
  NA%

GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $15,000 (2003 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: 5%
  industry: 30%
  services: 65% (1997 est.)

Labor force:
  79,400 (including 15,018 unemployed) (1996)

Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture 7%, industry 23%, services 70% (1999 est.)

Unemployment rate:
  19% (1996)

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA%
  highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  -0.6% (2000 est.)

Budget:
  revenues: $861.3 million
  expenditures: $735.3 million; including capital expenditures of $52 million
    (1996 est.)

Agriculture - products:
  vegetables; beef, deer, other livestock products; fish

Industries:
  nickel mining and smelting

Industrial production growth rate:
  -0.6% (1996)

Electricity - production:
  1.581 billion kWh (2003)

Electricity - consumption:
  1.47 billion kWh (2003)

Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (2003)

Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (2003)

Oil - production:
  0 bbl/day (2003 est.)

Oil - consumption:
  10,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)

Oil - exports:
  NA bbl/day

Oil - imports:
  NA bbl/day

Natural gas - production:
  0 m³ (2003 est.)

Natural gas - consumption:
  0 m³ (2003 est.)

Exports:
  $999 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Exports - commodities:
  ferronickels, nickel ore, fish

Exports - partners:
  Japan 22%, France 16.5%, Taiwan 12.3%, South Korea 12%, Spain 6.3%,
  Australia 6.1%, China 4.8%, South Africa 4.5% (2004)

Imports:
  $1.636 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Imports - commodities:
  machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs

Imports - partners:
  France 40.3%, Singapore 10.9%, Australia 9.1%, New Zealand 4.9% (2004)

Debt - external:
  $79 million (1998 est.)

Economic aid - recipient:
  $880 million annual subsidy from France (1998)

Currency (code):
  Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)

Exchange rates:
  Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 95.89 (2005),
  96.04 (2004), 105.66 (2003), 126.71 (2002), 133.26 (2001)

Fiscal year:
  calendar year

§6. New Caledonia Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  53,300 (2004)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  116,400 (2004)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: NA
  domestic: NA
  international: country code - 687; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat
    (Pacific Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)

Television broadcast stations:
  6 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1997)

Internet country code:
  .nc

Internet hosts:
  6,764 (2005)

Internet users:
  70,000 (2005)

§7. New Caledonia Transportation

Airports:
  25 (2005)

Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 11
  over 3,047 m: 1
  914 to 1,523 m: 8
  under 914 m: 2 (2005)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 14
  914 to 1,523 m: 8
  under 914 m: 6 (2005)

Heliports:
  6 (2005)

Roadways:
  total: 5,432 km (2000)

Merchant marine:
  total: 2 ships (1000 GRT or over) 3,566 GRT/2,543 DWT
  by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 1 (2005)

Ports and terminals:
  Noumea

§8. New Caledonia Military

Military branches:
  no regular indigenous military forces; French Armed Forces (includes Army,
  Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie); Police Force

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
  NA

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
  NA

Military - note:
  defense is the responsibility of France

§9. New Caledonia Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and
  Vanuatu


<Factbook 2006>
