Senegal

§1. Senegal Introduction

Background:
  Independent from France in 1960, Senegal was ruled by the Socialist Party
  for forty years until current President Abdoulaye WADE was elected in 2000.
  Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of
  Senegambia in 1982, but the envisaged integration of the two countries was
  never carried out, and the union was dissolved in 1989. A southern
  separatist group sporadically has clashed with government forces since
  1982, but Senegal remains one of the most stable democracies in Africa.
  Senegal has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping.

§2. Senegal Geography

Location:
  Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau
  and Mauritania

Geographic coordinates:
  14 00 N, 14 00 W

Map references:
  Africa

Area:
  total: 196,190 km²
  land: 192,000 km²
  water: 4,190 km²

Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than South Dakota

Land boundaries:
  total: 2,640 km
  border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km,
    Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km

Coastline:
  531 km

Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  contiguous zone: 24 nm
  exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
  continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Climate:
  tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast
  winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind

Terrain:
  generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
  highest point: unnamed feature near Nepen Diakha 581 m

Natural resources:
  fish, phosphates, iron ore

Land use:
  arable land: 12.51%
  permanent crops: 0.24%
  other: 87.25% (2005)

Irrigated land:
  710 km² (1998 est.)

Natural hazards:
  lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts

Environment - current issues:
  wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing;
  soil erosion; desertification; overfishing

Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
    Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea,
    Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
    Wetlands, Whaling

Geography - note:
  westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an
  enclave within Senegal

§3. Senegal People

Population:
  11,987,121 (July 2006 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 40.8% (male 2,467,021/female 2,422,385)
  15-64 years: 56.1% (male 3,346,756/female 3,378,518)
  65 years and over: 3.1% (male 174,399/female 198,042) (2006 est.)

Median age:
  total: 19.1 years
  male: 18.9 years
  female: 19.3 years (2006 est.)

Population growth rate:
  2.34% (2006 est.)

Birth rate:
  32.78 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Death rate:
  9.42 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Net migration rate:
  0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female
  total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  total: 52.94 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 56.49 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 49.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 59.25 years
  male: 57.7 years
  female: 60.85 years (2006 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  4.38 children born/woman (2006 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  0.8% (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  44,000 (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  3,500 (2003 est.)

Major infectious diseases:
  degree of risk: very high
  food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A,
    and typhoid fever
  vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, yellow fever, Crimean-Congo
    hemorrhagic fever, and Rift Valley fever are high risks in some locations
  water contact disease: schistosomiasis
  respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2005)

Nationality:
  noun: Senegalese (singular and plural)
  adjective: Senegalese

Ethnic groups:
  Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke
  1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%

Religions:
  Muslim 94%, Christian 5% (mostly Roman Catholic), indigenous beliefs 1%

Languages:
  French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka

Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 40.2%
  male: 50%
  female: 30.7% (2003 est.)

§4. Senegal Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: Republic of Senegal
  conventional short form: Senegal
  local long form: Republique du Senegal
  local short form: Senegal
  former: Senegambia (along with The Gambia); Mali Federation

Government type:
  republic under multiparty democratic rule

Capital:
  Dakar

Administrative divisions:
  11 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack,
  Kolda, Louga, Matam, Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor

Independence:
  4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence was achieved upon
  dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960

National holiday:
  Independence Day, 4 April (1960)

Constitution:
  new constitution adopted 7 January 2001

Legal system:
  based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in
  Constitutional Court; the Council of State audits the government's
  accounting office; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Abdoulaye WADE (since 1 April 2000)
  head of government: Prime Minister Macky SALL (since 21 April 2004)
  cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in
    consultation with the president
  elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term under new
    constitution; election last held under prior constitution (seven-year
    terms) 27 February and 19 March 2000 (next to be held February 2007);
    prime minister appointed by the president
  election results: Abdoulaye WADE elected president; percent of vote in the
    second round of voting - Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 58.49%, Abdou DIOUF (PS)
    41.51%

Legislative branch:
  unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members are
  elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)
  note: the former National Assembly, dissolved in the spring of 2001, had
    140 seats
  elections: last held 29 April 2001 (next to be held in February 2007) note
    - the National Assembly in December 2005 voted to postpone legislative
    elections originally scheduled for 2006, they will now coincide with
    presidential elections in 2007
  election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SOPI
    Coalition 89, AFP 11, PS 10, other 10

Judicial branch:
  Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de
  Cassation; Court of Appeals

Political parties and leaders:
  African Party for Democracy and Socialism or And Jef (also known as
  PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary general]; African Party of Independence
  [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE];
  Democratic and Patriotic Convention or CDP (also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr.
  Iba Der THIAM]; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr.
  Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy or FSD [Cheikh
  Abdoulaye DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS];
  Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National Democratic
  Rally or RND [Madier DIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye
  WADE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition (a
  coalition led by the PDS) [Abdoulaye WADE]; Union for Democratic Renewal or
  URD [Djibo Leyti KA]; other small parties

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  labor; Muslim brotherhoods; students; teachers

International organization participation:
  ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
  ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,
  Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC,
  OIF, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMOVIC, UNOCI,
  UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Amadou Lamine BA
  chancery: 2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
  telephone: [1] (202) 234-0540
  FAX: [1] (202) 332-6315
  consulate(s) general: New York

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Robert P. JACKSON
  embassy: Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of Rue Kleber, Dakar
  mailing address: B. P. 49, Dakar
  telephone: [221] 823-4296
  FAX: [221] 822-2991

Flag description:
  three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a
  small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular
  pan-African colors of Ethiopia

§5. Senegal Economy

Economy - overview:
  In January 1994, Senegal undertook a bold and ambitious economic reform
  program with the support of the international donor community. This reform
  began with a 50% devaluation of Senegal's currency, the CFA franc, which
  was linked at a fixed rate to the French franc. Government price controls
  and subsidies have been steadily dismantled. After seeing its economy
  contract by 2.1% in 1993, Senegal made an important turnaround, thanks to
  the reform program, with real growth in GDP averaging over 5% annually
  during 1995-2004. Annual inflation had been pushed down to the low single
  digits. As a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union
  (WAEMU), Senegal is working toward greater regional integration with a
  unified external tariff and a more stable monetary policy. However, Senegal
  still relies heavily upon outside donor assistance. Under the IMF's Highly
  Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief program, Senegal will benefit
  from eradication of two-thirds of its bilateral, multilateral, and
  private-sector debt.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $20.44 billion (2005 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):
  $8.012 billion (2005 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
  5.2% (2005 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $1,700 (2005 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: 16.1%
  industry: 21.4%
  services: 62.5% (2005 est.)

Labor force:
  4.82 million (2005 est.)

Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture 77% (1990 est.)

Unemployment rate:
  48%; note - urban youth 40% (2001 est.)

Population below poverty line:
  54% (2001 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 2.6%
  highest 10%: 33.5% (1995)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  41.3 (1995)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  1.7% (2005 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):
  22.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

Budget:
  revenues: $1.657 billion
  expenditures: $1.926 billion; including capital expenditures of $357
    million (2005 est.)

Public debt:
  46.5% of GDP (2005 est.)

Agriculture - products:
  peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables;
  cattle, poultry, pigs; fish

Industries:
  agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production,
  petroleum refining, construction materials, ship construction and repair

Industrial production growth rate:
  2% (2005 est.)

Electricity - production:
  1.332 billion kWh (2003)

Electricity - consumption:
  1.239 billion kWh (2003)

Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (2003)

Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (2003)

Oil - production:
  0 bbl/day (2003 est.)

Oil - consumption:
  31,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)

Oil - exports:
  NA bbl/day

Oil - imports:
  NA bbl/day

Natural gas - production:
  50 million m³ (2003 est.)

Natural gas - consumption:
  50 million m³ (2003 est.)

Natural gas - exports:
  0 m³ (2001 est.)

Natural gas - imports:
  0 m³ (2001 est.)

Current account balance:
  $-638 million (2005 est.)

Exports:
  $1.526 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Exports - commodities:
  fish, groundnuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton

Exports - partners:
  India 14.4%, Mali 13.1%, France 9.8%, Italy 7.3%, Spain 6.6%, Guinea-Bissau
  5.6%, TheGambia 4.8% (2004)

Imports:
  $2.405 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Imports - commodities:
  food and beverages, capital goods, fuels

Imports - partners:
  France 24.8%, Nigeria 11.9%, Thailand 6.1% (2004)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $1.324 billion (2005 est.)

Debt - external:
  $3.61 billion (2003 est.)

Economic aid - recipient:
  $449.6 million (2003 est.)

Currency (code):
  Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority
  is the Central Bank of the West African States

Exchange rates:
  Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 527.47 (2005),
  528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001)

Fiscal year:
  calendar year

§6. Senegal Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  244,900 (2004)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  1,121,300 (2004)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: good system
  domestic: above-average urban system; microwave radio relay, coaxial cable
    and fiber-optic cable in trunk system
  international: country code - 221; 4 submarine cables; satellite earth
    station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 8, FM 20, shortwave 1 (2001)

Television broadcast stations:
  1 (1997)

Internet country code:
  .sn

Internet hosts:
  569 (2005)

Internet users:
  482,000 (2005)

§7. Senegal Transportation

Airports:
  20 (2005)

Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 9
  over 3,047 m: 1
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
  914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2005)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 11
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
  914 to 1,523 m: 4
  under 914 m: 1 (2005)

Pipelines:
  gas 564 km (2004)

Railways:
  total: 906 km
  narrow gauge: 906 km 1.000 meter gauge (2004)

Roadways:
  total: 13,576 km
  paved: 3,972 km (including 7 km of expressways)
  unpaved: 9,604 km (2003)

Waterways:
  1,000 km (primarily on Senegal, Saloum, and Casamance rivers) (2005)

Ports and terminals:
  Dakar

§8. Senegal Military

Military branches:
  Army, Navy (Marine Senegalaise), Air Force (2005)

Military service age and obligation:
  18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript
  service obligation - two years (2004)

Manpower available for military service:
  males age 18-49: 2,183,343 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 18-49: 1,300,502 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually:
  males: 124,096 (2005 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
  $117.3 million (2005 est.)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
  1.4% (2005 est.)

§9. Senegal Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau attempt to stem Senegalese citizens from the
  Casamance region fleeing separatist violence, cross border raids, and arms
  smuggling

Refugees and internally displaced persons:
  refugees (country of origin): 19,778 (Mauritania)
  IDPs: 17,000 (clashes between government troops and separatists in
    Casamance region) (2005)

Illicit drugs:
  transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South
  American cocaine moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of
  cannabis


<Factbook 2006>
