United Arab Emirates

§1. United Arab Emirates Introduction

Background:
  The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the UK control of
  their defense and foreign affairs in 19th century treaties. In 1971, six of
  these states - Abu Zaby, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, and Umm
  al Qaywayn - merged to form the United Arab Emirates (UAE). They were
  joined in 1972 by Ra's al Khaymah. The UAE's per capita GDP is on par with
  those of leading West European nations. Its generosity with oil revenues
  and its moderate foreign policy stance have allowed the UAE to play a vital
  role in the affairs of the region.

§2. United Arab Emirates Geography

Location:
  Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman
  and Saudi Arabia

Geographic coordinates:
  24 00 N, 54 00 E

Map references:
  Middle_East

Area:
  total: 82,880 km²
  land: 82,880 km²
  water: 0 km²

Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than Maine

Land boundaries:
  total: 867 km
  border countries: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km

Coastline:
  1,318 km

Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  contiguous zone: 24 nm
  exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
  continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Climate:
  desert; cooler in eastern mountains

Terrain:
  flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert
  wasteland; mountains in east

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
  highest point: Jabal Yibir 1,527 m

Natural resources:
  petroleum, natural gas

Land use:
  arable land: 0.77%
  permanent crops: 2.27%
  other: 96.96% (2005)

Irrigated land:
  720 km² (1998 est.)

Natural hazards:
  frequent sand and dust storms

Environment - current issues:
  lack of natural freshwater resources compensated by desalination plants;
  desertification; beach pollution from oil spills

Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
    Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping,
    Ozone Layer Protection
  signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Geography - note:
  strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a vital
  transit point for world crude oil

§3. United Arab Emirates People

Population:
  2,602,713 (July 2006 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 24.9% (male 331,012/female 317,643)
  15-64 years: 71.2% (male 1,125,286/female 726,689)
  65 years and over: 3.9% (male 74,700/female 27,383) (2006 est.)

Median age:
  total: 28.1 years
  male: 34.8 years
  female: 23.3 years (2006 est.)

Population growth rate:
  1.52% (2006 est.)

Birth rate:
  18.96 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Death rate:
  4.4 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Net migration rate:
  0.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 1.55 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 2.73 male(s)/female
  total population: 1.43 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  total: 14.09 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 16.57 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 11.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 75.44 years
  male: 72.92 years
  female: 78.08 years (2006 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  2.88 children born/woman (2006 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  0.18% (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA

Nationality:
  noun: Emirati(s)
  adjective: Emirati

Ethnic groups:
  Emirati 19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates
  (includes Westerners and East Asians) 8% (1982)
  note: less than 20% are UAE citizens (1982)

Religions:
  Muslim 96% (Shi'a 16%), Christian, Hindu, and other 4%

Languages:
  Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu

Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 77.9%
  male: 76.1%
  female: 81.7% (2003 est.)

§4. United Arab Emirates Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: United Arab Emirates
  conventional short form: none
  local long form: Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah
  local short form: none
  former: Trucial Oman, Trucial States
  abbreviation: UAE

Government type:
  federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE federal government
  and other powers reserved to member emirates

Capital:
  Abu Dhabi

Administrative divisions:
  7 emirates (imarat, singular - imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), 'Ajman, Al
  Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy (Dubai), Ra's al Khaymah, Umm al
  Qaywayn (Quwayn)

Independence:
  2 December 1971 (from UK)

National holiday:
  Independence Day, 2 December (1971)

Constitution:
  2 December 1971; made permanent in 1996

Legal system:
  federal court system introduced in 1971; applies to all emirates except
  Dubayy (Dubai) and Ra's al Khaymah, which are not fully integrated into the
  federal judicial system; all emirates have secular courts to adjudicate
  criminal, civil, and commercial matters and Islamic courts to review family
  and religious disputes

Suffrage:
  none

Executive branch:
  chief of state: President KHALIFA bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 3 November
    2004), ruler of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) (since 4 November 2004); Vice
    President and Prime Minister MUHAMMAD bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 5
    January 2006)
  head of government: Prime Minister and Vice President MUHAMMAD bin Rashid
    al-Maktum (since 5 January 2006); Deputy Prime Minister SULTAN bin Zayid
    al-Nuhayyan (since 20 November 1990); Deputy Prime Minister HAMDAN bin
    Zayid al- Nuhayyan (since 20 October 2003)
  cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
  note: there is also a Federal Supreme Council (FSC) composed of the seven
    emirate rulers; the FSC is the highest constitutional authority in the
    UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation;
    meets four times a year; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers
    have effective veto power
  elections: president and vice president elected by the FSC for five-year
    terms; election last held 3 November 2004 upon the death of the UAE's
    Founding Father and first President ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan (next to
    be held 2009); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the
    president
  election results: KHALIFA bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan elected president by a
    unanimous vote of the FSC; MUHAMMAD bin Rashid al-Maktum unanimously
    reaffirmed vice president

Legislative branch:
  unicameral Federal National Council (FNC) or Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani
  (40 seats; members appointed by the rulers of the constituent states to
  serve two-year terms)
  elections: President KHALIFA in December 2005 announced that indirect
    elections would be held in early 2006 for half of the seats in the FNC;
    the other half would be filled by appointment
  note: reviews legislation, but cannot change or veto

Judicial branch:
  Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Political parties and leaders:
  none

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  NA

International organization participation:
  ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory),
  ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU,
  ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
  UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Asri Said Ahmad al-DHAHIRI
  chancery: 3522 International Court NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20008
  telephone: [1] (202) 243-2400
  FAX: [1] (202) 243-2432
  consulate(s): New York, Houston

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Michele J. SISON
  embassy: Embassies District, Plot 38 Sector W59-02, Street No. 4, Abu Dhabi
  mailing address: P. O. Box 4009, Abu Dhabi
  telephone: [971] (2) 414-2200
  FAX: [971] (2) 414-2469
  consulate(s) general: Dubai

Flag description:
  three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black with a wider
  vertical red band on the hoist side

§5. United Arab Emirates Economy

Economy - overview:
  The UAE has an open economy with a high per capita income and a sizable
  annual trade surplus. Its wealth is based on oil and gas output (about 30%
  of GDP), and the fortunes of the economy fluctuate with the prices of those
  commodities. Since the discovery of oil in the UAE more than 30 years ago,
  the UAE has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region
  of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of
  living. At present levels of production, oil and gas reserves should last
  for more than 100 years. The government has increased spending on job
  creation and infrastructure expansion and is opening up its utilities to
  greater private sector involvement. Higher oil revenue, strong liquidity,
  and cheap credit in 2005 led to a surge in asset prices (shares and real
  estate) and consumer inflation. Any sharp correction to the UAE's equity
  markets could damage investor and consumer sentiment and affect bank asset
  quality. In April 2004, the UAE signed a Trade and Investment Framework
  Agreement (TIFA) with Washington and in November 2004 agreed to undertake
  negotiations toward a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the US.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $74.67 billion (2005 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):
  $101.6 billion (2005 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
  6.7% (2005 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $29,100 (2005 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: 4%
  industry: 58.5%
  services: 37.5% (2002 est.)

Labor force:
  2.8 million
  note: 73.9% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2005
    est.)

Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture 7%, industry 15%, services 78% (2000 est.)

Unemployment rate:
  2.4% (2001)

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA%
  highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  4.5% (2005 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):
  20.7% of GDP (2005 est.)

Budget:
  revenues: $34.93 billion
  expenditures: $29.41 billion; including capital expenditures of $3.4
    billion (2005 est.)

Public debt:
  17.5% of GDP (2005 est.)

Agriculture - products:
  dates, vegetables, watermelons; poultry, eggs, dairy products; fish

Industries:
  petroleum and petrochemicals; fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizers,
  commercial ship repair, construction materials, some boat building,
  handicrafts, textiles

Industrial production growth rate:
  4% (2000)

Electricity - production:
  45.12 billion kWh (2004)

Electricity - consumption:
  38.32 billion kWh (2002)

Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (2004)

Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (2004)

Oil - production:
  2.396 million bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - consumption:
  310,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)

Oil - exports:
  2.5 million bbl/day (2004 est.)

Oil - imports:
  0 bbl/day (2004)

Oil - proved reserves:
  97.8 billion bbl (2005 est.)

Natural gas - production:
  44.79 billion m³ (2003 est.)

Natural gas - consumption:
  37.88 billion m³ (2003 est.)

Natural gas - exports:
  7.19 billion m³ (2003 est.)

Natural gas - imports:
  0 m³ (2003 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves:
  6.006 trillion m³ (2005)

Current account balance:
  $25.66 billion (2005 est.)

Exports:
  $103.1 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Exports - commodities:
  crude oil 45%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates

Exports - partners:
  Japan 24.8%, South Korea 9.9%, India 5.4%, Thailand 5.2% (2004)

Imports:
  $60.15 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Imports - commodities:
  machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food

Imports - partners:
  China 10%, India 9.8%, Japan 6.8%, Germany 6.5%, UK 6.2%, France 6.1%, US
  6% (2004)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $23.53 billion (2005 est.)

Debt - external:
  $30.21 billion (2005 est.)

Economic aid - donor:
  since its founding in 1971, the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development has given
  about $5.2 billion in aid to 56 countries (2004)

Currency (code):
  Emirati dirham (AED)

Exchange rates:
  Emirati dirhams per US dollar - 3.6725 (2005), 3.6725 (2004), 3.6725
  (2003), 3.6725 (2002), 3.6725 (2001)
  note: officially pegged to the US dollar since February 2002

Fiscal year:
  calendar year

§6. United Arab Emirates Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  1,187,700 (2004)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  3,683,100 (2004)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network
    with rapidly growing use of mobile cellular telephones; key centers are
    Abu Dhabi and Dubai
  domestic: microwave radio relay, fiber optic and coaxial cable
  international: country code - 971; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1
    Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; submarine cables to
    Qatar, Bahrain, India, and Pakistan; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain;
    microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 13, FM 8, shortwave 2 (2004)

Television broadcast stations:
  15 (2004)

Internet country code:
  .ae

Internet hosts:
  118,495 (2005)

Internet users:
  1,384,800 (2005)

§7. United Arab Emirates Transportation

Airports:
  35 (2005)

Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 22
  over 3,047 m: 9
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
  914 to 1,523 m: 4
  under 914 m: 3 (2005)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 13
  over 3,047 m: 1
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
  914 to 1,523 m: 3
  under 914 m: 4 (2005)

Heliports:
  2 (2005)

Pipelines:
  condensate 469 km; gas 2,655 km; liquid petroleum gas 300 km; oil 2,936 km;
  oil/gas/water 5 km (2004)

Roadways:
  total: 1,088 km
  paved: 1,088 km (including 253 km of expressways) (1999)

Merchant marine:
  total: 56 ships (1000 GRT or over) 621,292 GRT/833,840 DWT
  by type: bulk carrier 4, cargo 11, chemical tanker 5, container 6,
    liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 19, roll on/roll off
    6, specialized tanker 1
  foreign-owned: 10 (Greece 2, Kuwait 8)
  registered in other countries: 234 (The Bahamas 14, Barbados 1, Belize 3,
    Cambodia 2, Cyprus 11, Dominica 3, Georgia 1, Hong Kong 1, India 7, Iran
    1, Jamaica 3, Jordan 12, North Korea 7, Liberia 15, Libya 1, Malta 5,
    Marshall Islands 2, Mexico 1, Mongolia 3, Panama 89, Philippines 2, Qatar
    1, Saint Kitts and Nevis 20, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 12, Saudi
    Arabia 1, Sierra Leone 1, Singapore 7, Sri Lanka 2, unknown 6) (2005)

Ports and terminals:
  Al Fujayrah, Khawr Fakkan, Mina' Jabal 'Ali, Mina' Rashid, Mina' Saqr,
  Mina' Zayid, Sharjan

§8. United Arab Emirates Military

Military branches:
  Army, Navy (includes Marines and Coast Guard), Air and Air Defense Force,
  paramilitary forces (includes Federal Police Force)

Military service age and obligation:
  18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2001)

Manpower available for military service:
  males age 18-49: 653,181
  note: includes non-nationals (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 18-49: 526,671 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually:
  males: 30,706 (2005 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
  $1.6 billion (FY00)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
  3.1% (FY00)

§9. United Arab Emirates Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  the United Arab Emirate 2006 Yearbook published a map and text rescinding
  the 1974 boundary with Saudi Arabia, as stipulated in a treaty filed with
  the UN in 1993, on the grounds that the agreement was not formally
  ratified; boundary agreement was signed and ratified with Oman in 2003 for
  entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah enclaves,
  but contents of the agreement and maps showing the alignment have not been
  published; Iran and UAE dispute Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island, which
  Iran occupies

Illicit drugs:
  the UAE is a drug transshipment point for traffickers given its proximity
  to Southwest Asian drug producing countries; the UAE's position as a major
  financial center makes it vulnerable to money laundering;
  anti-money-laundering controls improving, but informal banking remains
  unregulated


<Factbook 2006>
