San Marino

§1. San Marino Introduction

Background:
  The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) also
  claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was
  founded by a Christian stonemason named Marino in 301 A.D. San Marino's
  foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends
  in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.

§2. San Marino Geography

Location:
  Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Geographic coordinates:
  43 46 N, 12 25 E

Map references:
  Europe

Area:
  total: 61.2 kmē
  land: 61.2 kmē
  water: 0 kmē

Area - comparative:
  about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:
  total: 39 km
  border countries: Italy 39 km

Coastline:
  0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims:
  none (landlocked)

Climate:
  Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Terrain:
  rugged mountains

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m
  highest point: Monte Titano 755 m

Natural resources:
  building stone

Land use:
  arable land: 16.67%
  permanent crops: 0%
  other: 83.33% (2005)

Irrigated land:
  NA kmē

Natural hazards:
  NA

Environment - current issues:
  NA

Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification
  signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution

Geography - note:
  landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and
  Monaco; dominated by the Apennines

§3. San Marino People

Population:
  29,251 (July 2006 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 16.8% (male 2,534/female 2,372)
  15-64 years: 66.2% (male 9,316/female 10,055)
  65 years and over: 17% (male 2,149/female 2,825) (2006 est.)

Median age:
  total: 40.6 years
  male: 40.3 years
  female: 41 years (2006 est.)

Population growth rate:
  1.26% (2006 est.)

Birth rate:
  10.02 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Death rate:
  8.17 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Net migration rate:
  10.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  total: 5.63 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 6.06 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 5.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 81.71 years
  male: 78.23 years
  female: 85.5 years (2006 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  1.34 children born/woman (2006 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA

Nationality:
  noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)
  adjective: Sammarinese

Ethnic groups:
  Sammarinese, Italian

Religions:
  Roman Catholic

Languages:
  Italian

Literacy:
  definition: age 10 and over can read and write
  total population: 96%
  male: 97%
  female: 95% (1976 est.)

§4. San Marino Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: Republic of San Marino
  conventional short form: San Marino
  local long form: Repubblica di San Marino
  local short form: San Marino

Government type:
  independent republic

Capital:
  San Marino

Administrative divisions:
  9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo
  Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San
  Marino Citta, Serravalle

Independence:
  3 September A.D. 301

National holiday:
  Founding of the Republic, 3 September (A.D. 301)

Constitution:
  8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a
  constitution

Legal system:
  based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted
  compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Claudio MUCCIOLI and
    Captain Regent Antonello BACCIOCHI (for the period 1 October 2005 - 31
    March 2006)
  head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs
    Fabio BERARDI (15 December 2003)
  cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a
    five-year term
  elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and
    General Council for a six-month term; election last held in September
    2005 (next to be held March 2006); secretary of state for foreign and
    political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a
    five-year term; election last held 13 December 2003 (next to be held NA)
  election results: Claudio MUCCIOLI and Antonello BACCIOCHI elected captains
    regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Fabio BERARDI elected secretary
    of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote -
    NA
  note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects
    two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state)
    for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and
    General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other
    members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the
    captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for
    Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister

Legislative branch:
  unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60
  seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year
  terms)
  elections: last held 10 June 2001 (next to be held by June 2006)
  election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 24.2%, PD
    20.8%, APDS 8.2%, RC 3.4%, AN 1.9%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 15, PD
    12, APDS 5, RC 2, AN 1

Judicial branch:
  Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Political parties and leaders:
  Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM
  [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leader NA]; Party of Democrats
  or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS
  [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS
  [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI];
  Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  NA

International organization participation:
  CE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, IOM
  (observer), IPU, ITU, NAM (guest), OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU,
  WHO, WIPO, WToO

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  San Marino does not have an embassy in the US
  honorary consulate(s) general: New York, Washington, DC
  honorary consulate(s): Detroit, Honolulu

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in
  Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino

Flag description:
  two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national
  coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield
  (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown
  and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

§5. San Marino Economy

Economy - overview:
  The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3 million
  tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing
  apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and
  cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are
  comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies
  much of its food.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $940 million (2001 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):
  NA

GDP - real growth rate:
  7.5% (2001 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $34,600 (2001 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: NA%
  industry: NA%
  services: NA%

Labor force:
  18,500 (1999)

Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture 1%, industry 42%, services 57% (2000 est.)

Unemployment rate:
  2.6% (2001)

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA%
  highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  3.3% (2001)

Budget:
  revenues: $400 million
  expenditures: $400 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2000
    est.)

Agriculture - products:
  wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Industries:
  tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Industrial production growth rate:
  6% (1997 est.)

Exports:
  trade data are included with the statistics for Italy

Exports - commodities:
  building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides,
  ceramics

Imports:
  trade data are included with the statistics for Italy

Imports - commodities:
  wide variety of consumer manufactures, food

Debt - external:
  $NA

Economic aid - recipient:
  $NA

Currency (code):
  euro (EUR)

Exchange rates:
  euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626
  (2002), 1.1175 (2001)

Fiscal year:
  calendar year

§6. San Marino Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  20,600 (2002)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  16,800 (2002)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: adequate connections
  domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian
    system
  international: country code - 378; connected to Italian international
    network

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)

Television broadcast stations:
  1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)

Internet country code:
  .sm

Internet hosts:
  2,166 (2005)

Internet users:
  14,300 (2002)

§7. San Marino Transportation

Airports:
  none (2005)

Roadways:
  total: 104 km
  paved: 104 km (2003)

§8. San Marino Military

Military branches:
  no regular military forces; Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari
  Voluntar) performs ceremonial duties and limited police functions (2006)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
  $700,000 (FY00/01)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
  NA

Military - note:
  defense is the responsibility of Italy

§9. San Marino Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  none


<Factbook 2006>
