Reunion

§1. Reunion Introduction

Background:
  The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to
  the 19th centuries, French immigration, supplemented by influxes of
  Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians, gave the island its ethnic
  mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance
  as a stopover on the East Indies trade route.

§2. Reunion Geography

Location:
  Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar

Geographic coordinates:
  21 06 S, 55 36 E

Map references:
  World

Area:
  total: 2,517 km²
  land: 2,507 km²
  water: 10 km²

Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than Rhode Island

Land boundaries:
  0 km

Coastline:
  207 km

Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate:
  tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry (May to
  November), hot and rainy (November to April)

Terrain:
  mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
  highest point: Piton des Neiges 3,069 m

Natural resources:
  fish, arable land, hydropower

Land use:
  arable land: 13.94%
  permanent crops: 1.59%
  other: 84.47% (2005)

Irrigated land:
  120 km² (1998 est.)

Natural hazards:
  periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise
  on the southeastern coast is an active volcano

Environment - current issues:
  NA

Geography - note:
  this mountainous, volcanic island has an active volcano, Piton de la
  Fournaise; there is a tropical cyclone center at Saint-Denis, which is the
  monitoring station for the whole of the Indian Ocean

§3. Reunion People

Population:
  787,584 (July 2006 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 29.8% (male 120,147/female 114,589)
  15-64 years: 64% (male 248,895/female 255,156)
  65 years and over: 6.2% (male 19,847/female 28,950) (2006 est.)

Median age:
  total: 26.9 years
  male: 25.7 years
  female: 28.1 years (2006 est.)

Population growth rate:
  1.34% (2006 est.)

Birth rate:
  18.9 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Death rate:
  5.49 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Net migration rate:
  0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  total: 7.63 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 8.37 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 6.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 74.18 years
  male: 70.78 years
  female: 77.75 years (2006 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  2.45 children born/woman (2006 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA

Nationality:
  noun: Reunionese (singular and plural)
  adjective: Reunionese

Ethnic groups:
  French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian

Religions:
  Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995)

Languages:
  French (official), Creole widely used

Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 88.9%
  male: 87%
  female: 90.8% (2003 est.)

§4. Reunion Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: Department of Reunion
  conventional short form: Reunion
  local long form: none
  local short form: Ile de la Reunion
  former: Bourbon Island

Dependency status:
  overseas department of France

Government type:
  NA

Capital:
  Saint-Denis

Administrative divisions:
  none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order
  administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4
  arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons

Independence:
  none (overseas department of France)

National holiday:
  Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)

Constitution:
  4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Legal system:
  French law

Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995),
    represented by Prefect Laurent CAYREL (since 16 July 2005)
  head of government: President of the General Council Nassimah DINDAR (since
    NA March 2004) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since
    NA March 1993)
  cabinet: NA
  elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
    prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French
    Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional
    Councils are elected by the members of those councils

Legislative branch:
  unicameral General Council (49 seats; members are elected by direct,
  popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45
  seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms)
  elections: General Council - last held 15 and 22 March 1998 (next to be
    held NA); Regional Council - last held 28 March 2004 (next to be held in
    2010)
  election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by
    party - various right-wing candidates 13, PCR 10, PS 10, UDF 8, RPR 6,
    other left-wing candidates 2; Regional Council (second round) - percent
    of vote by party - PCR 44.9%, UMP 32.8%, PS-Greens 22.3%; seats by party
    - PCR 27, UMP 11, PS-Greens 7
  note: Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections
    last held in 2001 (next to be held in 2006); results - percent of vote by
    party - NA; seats by party - PRC 1, UDF 1, UMP 1; Reunion also elects
    five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9
    June-16 June 2002 (next to be held in 2007); results - percent of vote by
    party - NA; seats by party - UMP 3, PS 1, independent 1

Judicial branch:
  Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel

Political parties and leaders:
  Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or
  RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU];
  Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD]; Union for a Popular
  Movement or UMP [leader NA]

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  NA

International organization participation:
  InOC, UPU, WFTU

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  none (overseas department of France)

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  none (overseas department of France)

Flag description:
  unofficial, local flag designed to emphasize solidarity among the people of
  Reunion; the field is divided vertically with three narrow stripes of blue,
  white, and red along the hoist edge representing the French national flag;
  the remainder of the field is divided diagonally into four triangles
  colored (clockwise from the hoist side) blue, golden yellow, red, and
  green; in the center, the apexes of the triangles are surmounted by a white
  disk; the only official flag is the national flag of France

§5. Reunion Economy

Economy - overview:
  The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture, but services now
  dominate. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and
  in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been
  pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment,
  which amounts to one-third of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between
  the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent
  social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better
  off than other segments of the population, often approaching European
  standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment
  typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of
  severe rioting in February 1991 illustrated the seriousness of
  socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily
  on continued financial assistance from France.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $4.811 billion (2005 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):
  NA

GDP - real growth rate:
  2.5% (2005 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $6,200 (2005 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: 8%
  industry: 19%
  services: 73% (2000 est.)

Labor force:
  309,900 (2000)

Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture 13%, industry 12%, services 75% (2000)

Unemployment rate:
  36% (1999 est.)

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA%
  highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  NA%

Budget:
  revenues: $1.26 billion
  expenditures: $2.62 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (1998)

Agriculture - products:
  sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn

Industries:
  sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction

Industrial production growth rate:
  NA%

Electricity - production:
  1.19 billion kWh (2003)

Electricity - consumption:
  1.107 billion kWh (2003)

Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (2003)

Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (2003)

Oil - production:
  0 bbl/day (2003 est.)

Oil - consumption:
  18,500 bbl/day (2003 est.)

Oil - exports:
  NA bbl/day

Oil - imports:
  NA bbl/day

Natural gas - production:
  0 m³ (2003 est.)

Natural gas - consumption:
  0 m³ (2003 est.)

Exports:
  $214 million f.o.b. (1997)

Exports - commodities:
  sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%

Exports - partners:
  France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (2004)

Imports:
  $2.5 billion c.i.f. (1997)

Imports - commodities:
  manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation
  equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products

Imports - partners:
  France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (2004)

Debt - external:
  $NA

Economic aid - recipient:
  $NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France (2001 est.)

Currency (code):
  euro (EUR)

Exchange rates:
  euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626
  (2002), 1.1175 (2001)

Fiscal year:
  calendar year

§6. Reunion Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  300,000 (2001)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  579,200 (2004)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis
  domestic: modern open-wire and microwave radio relay network
  international: country code - 262; radiotelephone communication to Comoros,
    France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth
    station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable
    (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (2001)

Television broadcast stations:
  35 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (2001)

Internet country code:
  .re

Internet hosts:
  29 (2005)

Internet users:
  200,000 (2005)

§7. Reunion Transportation

Airports:
  2 (2005)

Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 2
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
  914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2005)

Roadways:
  total: 1,214 km (including 88 km of four-lane roads) (2001)

Ports and terminals:
  Le Port

§8. Reunion Military

Military branches:
  no regular indigenous military forces; French forces (includes Army, Navy,
  Air Force, and Gendarmerie) (2005)

Military service age and obligation:
  18 years of age (2004)

Manpower available for military service:
  males age 18-49: 183,421 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 18-49: 142,578 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually:
  males: 7,339 (2005 est.)

Military - note:
  defense is the responsibility of France

§9. Reunion Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  none


<Factbook 2006>
