Lithuania

§1. Lithuania Introduction

Background:
  Independent between the two World Wars, Lithuania was annexed by the USSR
  in 1940. On 11 March 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet
  republics to declare its independence, but Moscow did not recognize this
  proclamation until September of 1991 (following the abortive coup in
  Moscow). The last Russian troops withdrew in 1993. Lithuania subsequently
  restructured its economy for integration into Western European
  institutions; it joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004.

§2. Lithuania Geography

Location:
  Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia

Geographic coordinates:
  56 00 N, 24 00 E

Map references:
  Europe

Area:
  total: 65,200 km²
  land: NA km²
  water: NA km²

Area - comparative:
  slightly larger than West Virginia

Land boundaries:
  total: 1,273 km
  border countries: Belarus 502 km, Latvia 453 km, Poland 91 km, Russia
    (Kaliningrad) 227 km

Coastline:
  99 km

Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm

Climate:
  transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and
  summers

Terrain:
  lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m
  highest point: Juozapines/Kalnas 292 m

Natural resources:
  peat, arable land, amber

Land use:
  arable land: 44.81%
  permanent crops: 0.9%
  other: 54.29% (2005)

Irrigated land:
  90 km² (1998 est.)

Natural hazards:
  NA

Environment - current issues:
  contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products and chemicals
  at military bases

Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
    Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone
    Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
  signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Geography - note:
  fertile central plains are separated by hilly uplands that are ancient
  glacial deposits

§3. Lithuania People

Population:
  3,585,906 (July 2006 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 15.5% (male 284,888/female 270,458)
  15-64 years: 69.1% (male 1,210,557/female 1,265,542)
  65 years and over: 15.5% (male 190,496/female 363,965) (2006 est.)

Median age:
  total: 38.2 years
  male: 35.7 years
  female: 40.8 years (2006 est.)

Population growth rate:
  -0.3% (2006 est.)

Birth rate:
  8.75 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Death rate:
  10.98 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Net migration rate:
  -0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.52 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.89 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  total: 6.78 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 8.12 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 5.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 74.2 years
  male: 69.2 years
  female: 79.49 years (2006 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  1.2 children born/woman (2006 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  0.1% (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  1,300 (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  less than 200 (2003 est.)

Nationality:
  noun: Lithuanian(s)
  adjective: Lithuanian

Ethnic groups:
  Lithuanian 83.4%, Polish 6.7%, Russian 6.3%, other or unspecified 3.6%
  (2001 census)

Religions:
  Roman Catholic 79%, Russian Orthodox 4.1%, Protestant (including Lutheran
  and Evangelical Christian Baptist) 1.9%, other or unspecified 5.5%, none
  9.5% (2001 census)

Languages:
  Lithuanian (official) 82%, Russian 8%, Polish 5.6%, other and unspecified
  4.4% (2001 census)

Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 99.6%
  male: 99.7%
  female: 99.6% (2003 est.)

§4. Lithuania Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: Republic of Lithuania
  conventional short form: Lithuania
  local long form: Lietuvos Respublika
  local short form: Lietuva
  former: Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic

Government type:
  parliamentary democracy

Capital:
  Vilnius

Administrative divisions:
  10 counties (apskritys, singular - apskritis); Alytaus, Kauno, Klaipedos,
  Marijampoles, Panevezio, Siauliu, Taurages, Telsiu, Utenos, Vilniaus

Independence:
  11 March 1990 (independence declared from Soviet Union); 6 September 1991
  (Soviet Union recognizes Lithuania's independence)

National holiday:
  Independence Day, 16 February (1918); note - 16 February 1918 is the date
  Lithuania declared its independence from Soviet Russia and established its
  statehood; 11 March 1990 is the date it declared its independence from the
  Soviet Union

Constitution:
  adopted 25 October 1992

Legal system:
  based on civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the
  constitutional court

Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Valdas ADAMKUS (since 12 July 2004)
  head of government: Premier Algirdas Mykolas BRAZAUSKAS (since 3 July 2001)
  cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the nomination
    of the premier
  elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election
    last held 13 and 27 June 2004 (next to be held June 2009); premier
    appointed by the president on the approval of the Parliament
  election results: Valdas ADAMKUS elected president; percent of vote -
    Valdas ADAMKUS 52.2%, Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE 47.8%

Legislative branch:
  unicameral Parliament or Seimas (141 seats, 71 members are directly elected
  by popular vote, 70 are elected by proportional representation; members
  serve four-year terms)
  elections: last held 10 and 24 October 2004 (next to be held October 2008)
  election results: percent of vote by party - Labor 28.6%, Working for
    Lithuania (Social Democrats and Social Liberals) 20.7%, TS 14.6%, For
    Order and Justice (Liberal Democrats and Lithuanian People's Union)
    11.4%, Liberal and Center Union 9.1%, Union of Farmers and New Democracy
    6.6%, other 9%; seats by faction - Labor 39, Homeland Union 26, Social
    Democrats 22, Social Liberals 10, Liberal Political group 10, Union of
    Farmers and New Democracy Parties 11, Liberal Democrats 9, Liberal Center
    Political group 8, independents 6

Judicial branch:
  Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; judges for all courts
  appointed by the President

Political parties and leaders:
  Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles [Valdemar TOMASZEVSKI, chairman];
  Homeland Union/Conservative Party or TS [Andrius KUBILIUS, chairman]; Labor
  Party [Viktor USPASKICH, chairman]; Liberal Center Political group [Arturas
  ZUOKAS, chairman]; Liberal Democratic Party [Valentinas MAZURONIS,
  chairman]; Liberal Political group [leader NA]; Lithuanian Christian
  Democrats or LKD [Valentinas STUNDYS, chairman]; Lithuanian People's Union
  for a Fair Lithuania [leader NA]; Lithuanian Social Democratic Coalition
  [Algirdas BRAZAUSKAS, chairman] consists of the Lithuanian Democratic Labor
  Party or LDDP and the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party or LSDP; New
  Democracy and Farmer's Union or VNDPS [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE, chairman];
  Social Liberals (New Union) [Arturas PAULAUSKAS, chairman]; Social Union of
  Christian Conservatives [Gediminas VAGNORIUS, chairman]; Young Lithuania
  and New Nationalists [leader NA]

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  NA

International organization participation:
  ACCT (observer), Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU
  (new member), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS,
  ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA,
  NATO, NIB, NSG, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,
  UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (associate partner), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Vygaudas USACKAS
  chancery: 4590 MacArthur Boulevard NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20007
  telephone: [1] (202) 234-5860
  FAX: [1] (202) 328-0466
  consulate(s) general: Chicago, New York

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Stephen D. MULL
  embassy: 2600 Akmenu 6, Vilnius
  mailing address: American Embassy, Almeny gatve 6, Vilnius LT-03106
  telephone: [370] (5) 266 5500
  FAX: [370] (5) 266 5510

Flag description:
  three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red

§5. Lithuania Economy

Economy - overview:
  Lithuania, the Baltic state that has conducted the most trade with Russia,
  has slowly rebounded from the 1998 Russian financial crisis. Unemployment
  dropped from 11% in 2003 to 5.3% in 2005. Growing domestic consumption and
  increased investment have furthered recovery. Trade has been increasingly
  oriented toward the West. Lithuania has gained membership in the World
  Trade Organization and joined the EU in May 2004. Privatization of the
  large, state-owned utilities, particularly in the energy sector, is nearing
  completion. Overall, more than 80% of enterprises have been privatized.
  Foreign government and business support have helped in the transition from
  the old command economy to a market economy.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $50.12 billion (2005 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):
  $23.48 billion (2005 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
  6.7% (2005 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $13,900 (2005 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: 5.7%
  industry: 32.4%
  services: 62% (2005 est.)

Labor force:
  1.61 million (2005 est.)

Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture 20%, industry 30%, services 50% (1997 est.)

Unemployment rate:
  5.3% (2005 est.)

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 3.1%
  highest 10%: 25.6% (1996)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  31.9 (2000)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  2.6% (2005 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):
  22.1% of GDP (2005 est.)

Budget:
  revenues: $8.429 billion
  expenditures: $9.103 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2005
    est.)

Public debt:
  21.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

Agriculture - products:
  grain, potatoes, sugar beets, flax, vegetables; beef, milk, eggs; fish

Industries:
  metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, television sets,
  refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships),
  furniture making, textiles, food processing, fertilizers, agricultural
  machinery, optical equipment, electronic components, computers, amber
  jewelry

Industrial production growth rate:
  6% (2005 est.)

Electricity - production:
  18.64 billion kWh (2003)

Electricity - consumption:
  9.109 billion kWh (2003)

Electricity - exports:
  12.37 billion kWh (2003)

Electricity - imports:
  4.144 billion kWh (2003)

Oil - production:
  12,360 bbl/day (2003 est.)

Oil - consumption:
  89,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)

Oil - exports:
  NA bbl/day

Oil - imports:
  NA bbl/day

Natural gas - production:
  0 m³ (2003 est.)

Natural gas - consumption:
  3.03 billion m³ (2003 est.)

Natural gas - exports:
  0 m³ (2001 est.)

Natural gas - imports:
  2.76 billion m³ (2001 est.)

Current account balance:
  $-1.87 billion (2005 est.)

Exports:
  $10.95 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Exports - commodities:
  mineral products 23%, textiles and clothing 16%, machinery and equipment
  11%, chemicals 6%, wood and wood products 5%, foodstuffs 5% (2001)

Exports - partners:
  Germany 10.2%, Latvia 10.2%, Russia 9.3%, France 6.3%, UK 5.3%, Sweden
  5.1%, Estonia 5%, Poland 4.8%, Netherlands 4.8%, Denmark 4.8%, US 4.7%,
  Switzerland 4.6% (2004)

Imports:
  $13.33 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Imports - commodities:
  mineral products, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, chemicals,
  textiles and clothing, metals

Imports - partners:
  Russia 23.1%, Germany 16.7%, Poland 7.7%, Netherlands 4% (2004)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $3.785 billion (2005 est.)

Debt - external:
  $10.47 billion (31 December 2004 est.)

Economic aid - recipient:
  $228.5 million (1995)

Currency (code):
  litas (LTL)

Exchange rates:
  litai per US dollar - 2.774 (2005), 2.7806 (2004), 3.0609 (2003), 3.677
  (2002), 4 (2001)

Fiscal year:
  calendar year

§6. Lithuania Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  820,000 (2004)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  3,421,500 (2004)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: inadequate, but is being modernized to provide an
    improved international capability and better residential access
  domestic: a national, fiber-optic cable, interurban, trunk system is
    nearing completion; rural exchanges are being improved and expanded;
    mobile cellular systems are being installed; access to the Internet is
    available; still many unsatisfied telephone subscriber applications
  international: country code - 370; landline connections to Latvia and
    Poland; major international connections to Denmark, Sweden, and Norway by
    submarine cable for further transmission by satellite

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 29, FM 142, shortwave 1 (2001)

Television broadcast stations:
  27
  note: Lithuania has approximately 27 broadcasting stations, but may have as
    many as 100 transmitters, including repeater stations (2001)

Internet country code:
  .lt

Internet hosts:
  136,346 (2005)

Internet users:
  968,000 (2005)

§7. Lithuania Transportation

Airports:
  95 (2005)

Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 33
  over 3,047 m: 4
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
  914 to 1,523 m: 2
  under 914 m: 19 (2005)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 62
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
  914 to 1,523 m: 4
  under 914 m: 56 (2005)

Pipelines:
  gas 1,696 km; oil 331 km; refined products 109 km (2004)

Railways:
  total: 1,998 km
  broad gauge: 1,807 km 1.524-m gauge (122 km electrified)
  standard gauge: 22 km 1.435-m gauge
  narrow gauge: 169 km 0.750-m gauge (2004)

Roadways:
  total: 78,893 km
  paved: 21,617 km (including 417 km of expressways)
  unpaved: 57,276 km (2003)

Waterways:
  600 km (2005)

Merchant marine:
  total: 48 ships (1000 GRT or over) 338,565 GRT/339,238 DWT
  by type: bulk carrier 8, cargo 18, chemical tanker 1, container 1,
    passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 12, roll
    on/roll off 1
  foreign-owned: 11 (Denmark 11)
  registered in other countries: 18 (Antigua and Barbuda 1, North Korea 1,
    Norway 1, Panama 6, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5, unknown 4) (2005)

Ports and terminals:
  Klaipeda

§8. Lithuania Military

Military branches:
  Ground Forces, Navy, Lithuanian Military Air Forces, National Defense
  Volunteer Forces (SKAT) (2005)

Military service age and obligation:
  19-45 years of age for compulsory military service, conscript service
  obligation - 12 months; 18 years of age for volunteers (2004)

Manpower available for military service:
  males age 19-49: 830,368 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 19-49: 590,606 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually:
  males: 29,689 (2005 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
  $230.8 million (FY01)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
  1.9% (FY01)

§9. Lithuania Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  Lithuania and Russia committed to demarcating their boundary in 2006 in
  accordance with the land and maritime treaty ratified by Russia in May 2003
  and by Lithuania in 1999; Lithuania operates a simplified transit regime
  for Russian nationals traveling from the Kaliningrad coastal exclave into
  Russia, while still conforming, as a member state that forms part of the
  EU's external border, to strict Schengen border rules; the Latvian
  parliament has not ratified its 1998 maritime boundary treaty with
  Lithuania, primarily due to concerns over potential hydrocarbons

Illicit drugs:
  transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Southwest
  Asia, Latin America, and Western Europe to Western Europe and Scandinavia;
  limited production of methamphetamine and ecstasy; susceptible to money
  laundering despite changes to banking legislation


<Factbook 2006>
